INTERNET LINKS
Links cited
[1] https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/video/2016/jul/06/alton-sterling-baton-rouge-police-video
Links cited
(n.d.). Retrieved December 05, 2016, from
http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-racism-uk-post-referendum-racism-hate-crime-eu-referendum-racism-unleashed-poland-racist-a7160786.html
(n.d.). Retrieved December 05, 2016, from
http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/07/08/dallas-shooting-a-democracy-as-racist-as-america-will-never-be-a/
Baton Rouge footage shows police killing of Alton Sterling –
video. (2016). Retrieved December 05, 2016, from
https://www.theguardian.com/us-news/video/2016/jul/06/alton-sterling-baton-rouge-police-video
Charity, J., Diaz, A., & Drake, D. (2014). A History of
Rap Songs Protesting Police Brutality. Retrieved December 05, 2016, from
http://uk.complex.com/music/2014/08/rap-songs-police-brutality/
Does Hip-Hop Drive Negative Stereotypes Of Black Men? | The
MSU Spokesman. (2013). Retrieved December 05, 2016, from
http://www.themsuspokesman.com/2013/12/21/does-hip-hop-drive-negative-stereotypes-of-black-men/
Donaldson, L. (2015). When the media misrepresents black
men, the effects are felt in the real world | Leigh Donaldson. Retrieved
December 05, 2016, from
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/aug/12/media-misrepresents-black-men-effects-felt-real-world
Growing up with racism in Britain. (n.d.). Retrieved
December 05, 2016, from
http://socialistreview.org.uk/351/growing-racism-britain
Hip-Hop Reinforcing Stereotypes Against Black People.
(n.d.). Retrieved December 05, 2016, from
http://rapreinforcesstereotypes.weebly.com/
Marcin, T. (2016). Racism In America: White People Think
It's Worse For White People, Research Finds. Retrieved December 05, 2016, from
http://www.ibtimes.com/racism-america-white-people-think-its-worse-white-people-research-finds-2393588
Myrie, C. (2016). Is white America blind on racism, or just
playing dumb? | Clive Myrie. Retrieved December 05, 2016, from
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jun/18/white-america-blind-racism-majority-ignore-black-minority-bubble-privilege
Reggie Yates: How I confronted police brutality on the
streets of Chiraq. (2016). Retrieved December 05, 2016, from
https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2016/oct/10/reggie-yates-how-i-confronted-police-brutality-on-the-streets-of-chiraq
Reggie Yates: How I confronted police brutality on the
streets of Chiraq. (2016). Retrieved December 05, 2016, from
https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2016/oct/10/reggie-yates-how-i-confronted-police-brutality-on-the-streets-of-chiraq
Siddique, H. (2016). Black Lives Matter protests block roads
around UK. Retrieved December 05, 2016, from
https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/aug/05/black-lives-matter-protest-sparks-heathrow-traffic-chaos
The Stereotypical Rapper - Southwestern University. (n.d.).
Retrieved December 5, 2016, from
http://www.bing.com/cr?IG=0B0B89CDDE814ED4B36D6871E82F0041&CID=09F2F90F46236CBE08E4F0ED47126D75&rd=1&h=TIanoS0C6cZCM_F63kFNwyas6GXHTbvyUBpzOPlN9Os&v=1&r=http://people.southwestern.edu/~bednarb/su_netWorks/projects/flatley/Stereotypes.html&p=DevEx,5083.1
@. (2014). Young Black Men Counter Negative Media
Representation With Creative 'Suit & Tie' Video - Atlanta Black Star.
Retrieved December 05, 2016, from
http://atlantablackstar.com/2014/04/15/young-black-men-slam-medias-representation-suit-tie-music-video/
CNN Is Very Worried About Violence At 'Straight Outta
Compton' (n.d.). Retrieved March 09, 2016
CNN Surprised ‘Straight Outta Compton’ Didn’t Cause
Violence, Earned Record Money Instead. (2015). Retrieved March 09, 2016
Bradshaw, P. (2015). Straight Outta Compton review – how
hip-hop pioneers NWA took on the world. Retrieved March 09, 2016
The One Scene in 'Straight Outta Compton' That Resonates
Most in 2015. (2015). Retrieved March 09, 2016
Does Hip-hop Drive Negative Stereotypes of Black Men? | The
MSU Spokesman. (2013). Retrieved March 11, 2016
The Impact of Rap and Hip-Hop Music on American Youth.
(n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2016
Brookins, T. (2013). The Socialist's Journal: The Effects of
Rap Music | EURweb. Retrieved March 11, 2016
This video shows the murder of Alton Sterling and how he was
shot multiple times during a confrontation between the police. This video
highlights the extent to which police in America are racist and don’t value the
lives of black African American people in society and are seen to be inferior
even in today’s society.
[2] http://uk.complex.com/music/2014/08/rap-songs-police-brutality/
This article is about the rap songs which have come out
throughout the years which have protested against the police and policy
brutality in America.
“I guess 'cause I'm black born/I'm supposed to say peace,
sing songs, and get capped on.”
[3] http://www.abc.net.au/news/2015-09-03/rapper-ice-cube-on-his-film,-racism,-and-gangsta-rap-lyrics/6748328
This article is about the racism in America especially from
the eyes of the rapper Ice Cube which was a part of the notorious group called
N.W.A; this is someone who grew up around racism and had to deal with it in
South Central La. The rapper Ice Cube himself feels like the death of Rodney
King which has happened of 25 years ago hasn't changed racism in society and is
very much still around in today's society 25 years on. Whilst being in the
group of rappers they had lyrics which were seen as explicit which caused a lot
of tension in the community but also sparked a lot of brains to what was
happening in society today, they were seen to give a voice to the public which
is why they could relate to most of t
The lyrics in the songs which N.W.A released. One of the
songs that caused everyone to rebel back was 'f**k the police' which was
popular as people felt that in society the police were racist towards the black
community.
"When you are trying to put 10 years into two hours, there is no way of getting everything in there,"
"I deeply regret what I did and know that it has forever impacted all of our lives,"
"People are being nitpicky because what we put in the movie is the story of NWA, everything else you can Google it and there have been a thousand things said about NWA in its existence."
"When you are trying to put 10 years into two hours, there is no way of getting everything in there,"
"I deeply regret what I did and know that it has forever impacted all of our lives,"
"People are being nitpicky because what we put in the movie is the story of NWA, everything else you can Google it and there have been a thousand things said about NWA in its existence."
[4] http://www.dailytelegraph.com.au/entertainment/sydney-confidential/legendary-rapper-ice-cube-shares-message-of-hope-for-future/news-story/9ed07816fd59c77990989e1a8c626dce
Similar to the first article this one is about how racism
still exists and that people need to keep their head up. It is to hopefully
spark a change in society at a later stage and hopefully in the future to
remove racism from the equation.
“We are still dealing with authorities who feel like black lives are expendable and are there to be harassed and there as sport, so to speak, in some ways,”
“We are still dealing with authorities who feel like black lives are expendable and are there to be harassed and there as sport, so to speak, in some ways,”
[5] https://www.theguardian.com/uk-news/2016/aug/05/black-lives-matter-protest-sparks-heathrow-traffic-chaos
Although racism is seen in only America in the film it is
also present in society today all around the world, with recent deaths of black
people from police brutality in America is started a campaign called black
lives matter. This is set up so that racism in society can stopped which caused
recent protests in the UK, London. This caused people to react on social media
and to start taking things into their own hands. The protest caused traffic to
arise because roads had been blocked by those who were protesting.
[6]https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=HKJE4rVZG1EC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=racism+&ots=lcHYAUN8X6&sig=PRNP0Uw5yQKJCsh2UtARttM17iw#v=onepage&q=racism&f=false
Academic text about racism in America that is published by a
university in America. The text can link to my investigation through how
society today hasn’t changed much since people started fighting back against
racism. We can see the similarities in two different time periods in America
and evaluate the changes and what’s stayed the same.
[7]https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=zoHbVRqlRiIC&oi=fnd&pg=PA1&dq=racism+in+America+&ots=IRE8VBgUdM&sig=hqQeyf_J3f9LBZF0KF-tfxPuJBc#v=onepage&q=racism%20in%20America&f=false
Racism in America but not through just society but
politically in America. Black people in society are not valued as much in the
place of work and neither are other ethnic minorities, this would link to my
investigation to highlight how peoples ideology of other ethnic minorities
effects them not only in society but the place of work and are seen to be
inferior wherever they go.
[8] https://www.cambridge.org/core/journals/perspectives-on-politics/article/like-a-loaded-weapon-the-rehnquist-court-indian-rights-and-the-legal-history-of-racism-in-america-/5ACAC90C0A4113C337C7CD50BAFB2B0F
The history of racism
which has taken place in America and how those who were black had to go through
the stress of dealing with issues such as racism
"Ultimately, we must therefore recognize that racism lies at the foundation of the American legal system."
[9] https://www.ncjrs.gov/App/Publications/abstract.aspx?ID=141219
[10]https://books.google.co.uk/books?hl=en&lr=&id=m_v_TE13t9cC&oi=fnd&pg=PR7&dq=police+brutality+&ots=804hYlqxCj&sig=vELagQ60NZsWlvRQdP8vA6AT5vA#v=onepage&q=police%20brutality&f=false
The book talks about police brutality and how it has had an
impact. One of the chapters that I’ll be looking at will be to with Rodney King
who was beaten up by the police in America which was caught on tape and given
to local newspapers.
"A friend reports that his son, a police officer shot and killed a man, who in an apparent fit pf suicidal rage brandished a gun at a phalanx of armed police officers"
"A friend reports that his son, a police officer shot and killed a man, who in an apparent fit pf suicidal rage brandished a gun at a phalanx of armed police officers"
[11] https://www.theguardian.com/tv-and-radio/2016/oct/10/reggie-yates-how-i-confronted-police-brutality-on-the-streets-of-chiraq
Reggie Yates has taken time to go to America, Chicago and
tried to uncover the horror of police brutality in one of America’s states with
the highest crime rates. There is also a documentary of this on BBC iPlayer
which can be seen. I’ll also be adding the documentary. This would link to my
critical investigation as we can uncover what the police in America are doing
to the citizens in America who are black.
“It’s hard to think that things could get much worse in this
city than they already are. I could not even imagine what it is be a black
person there, apart from total disillusionment, fear, and having no discernible
future. Sadly, nothing will change there or anywhere until people start talking
to each other. Guns and violence have never brought peace to any place.”
"In 2015, eight African Americans were killed by police officers in the city, out of 306 across the US. Meanwhile, black-on-black violence there has reached an all-time high. There were almost 2,500 such shootings last year, of which 350 were fatal."
"Funny, we can pretend that we even care about these young men. Question: How does a 14year old Chicago boy, (who cannot even afford a pair of Jordan's, get his hands on a $5,000 assault rifle, that one cannot even get in the gun store? Anyone who actually checks can tell hundreds of stories of literally crates of these guns being found in back alleys of these areas. We catch the gov, flooding the area with drugs.... (Iran-Contra!!) and no one is held to account. Now we do this and program these children to glorify guns and murder and wonder what is going on? Truth is we could do the same in the middle of Switzerland, with the exact same results, but do not...."
"In 2015, eight African Americans were killed by police officers in the city, out of 306 across the US. Meanwhile, black-on-black violence there has reached an all-time high. There were almost 2,500 such shootings last year, of which 350 were fatal."
"Funny, we can pretend that we even care about these young men. Question: How does a 14year old Chicago boy, (who cannot even afford a pair of Jordan's, get his hands on a $5,000 assault rifle, that one cannot even get in the gun store? Anyone who actually checks can tell hundreds of stories of literally crates of these guns being found in back alleys of these areas. We catch the gov, flooding the area with drugs.... (Iran-Contra!!) and no one is held to account. Now we do this and program these children to glorify guns and murder and wonder what is going on? Truth is we could do the same in the middle of Switzerland, with the exact same results, but do not...."
[12] http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/crime/over-3000-police-officers-being-investigated-for-alleged-assault-and-almost-all-of-them-are-still-on-10220091.html#gallery
There’s been an investigation of more than 3,000 officers
for assault on Asian and blacks which has caused a lot of interest, the article
says:
Of the 146 ongoing police assault investigations in the West
Midlands where ethnicity is recorded, 71 complainants are white (49 per cent)
and 69 black or Asian (47.5 per cent). In six cases the ethnicity is labelled
“other”. Another 83 cases are being investigated where ethnicity is not
recorded. The figures represent further embarrassment for a force which
recruited just one black officer last month among 162 new recruits.
"More than 3,000 police officers are being investigated for alleged assault – with black and Asian people significantly more likely than white people to complain of police brutality"
"Black and minority ethnic people make up one in three of London’s population but represent 55 per cent of alleged victims of brutality by Met officers. The disparity is even worse in the West Midlands where nearly half of assault complaints against police come from black or Asian people – though just 14 per cent of the population is black or ethnic minority. This means black and Asian people are 3.5 times more likely to allege assault by officers."
"More than 3,000 police officers are being investigated for alleged assault – with black and Asian people significantly more likely than white people to complain of police brutality"
"Black and minority ethnic people make up one in three of London’s population but represent 55 per cent of alleged victims of brutality by Met officers. The disparity is even worse in the West Midlands where nearly half of assault complaints against police come from black or Asian people – though just 14 per cent of the population is black or ethnic minority. This means black and Asian people are 3.5 times more likely to allege assault by officers."
“The Commissioner has recognised that there remains a risk that the MPS is still institutionally racist in some of what it does because there remain elements of disproportionality, despite significant progress over many years.”
[13] http://www.independent.co.uk/news/uk/politics/brexit-racism-uk-post-referendum-racism-hate-crime-eu-referendum-racism-unleashed-poland-racist-a7160786.html
The people in the UK have made racist comments towards those
who are immigrants in the country during the EU referendum, there has been a
number of hate crimes which have been taken place to ethnic minorities. Those
who are white are seeing themselves as superior to those who are not white such
as ethnic minority groups.
“ It's not hatred against any particular culture, it's a
hatred for mass immigration that has led to high unemployment and lack of
social housing for those less well-off among indigenous people.”
[14] http://socialistreview.org.uk/351/growing-racism-britain
Racism in the UK
[15] https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2015/aug/12/media-misrepresents-black-men-effects-felt-real-world
Black men in the media have been represented in the media in
a negative way which is reinforcing the stereotype that black males and black
people are bad which is why they’re seen as an outcast in society. This is
probably the reason why people who are black are treated poorly in society
which makes it hard for them.
"Not much has changed since the 1970s when, as an undergraduate student at the University of Michigan, I conducted a study of two metropolitan Detroit dailies’ coverage of the 1967 urban riots."
"Men of color held in esteem by the media, while entirely worthy of praise, too often personify a circumscribed spectrum of human qualities. Prowess in sports, physical achievement in general and musicality are emphasized inordinately. Common role models depicted by the media such as rap or hip-hop stars and basketball players imply limited life choices. When is the last time you have seen a black college professor, doctor, lawyer or scientist selling a product?"
"Media images and words are known, according to the Opportunity Agenda study, to have the greatest impact on the perceptions of people with less real-world experience. People who have never interacted with a black family in their communities more easily embrace what the media tells them. The most negative impact is upon black individuals themselves."
"Yet another article blaming everyone else for the black community's predicament.
How about asking why Chinese, Asian and Jewish communities manage to produce such a vast number of well-educated professionals, while being subjected to the same social ills ?
The answer is parental aspiration. While everything the author says may be true, it still ignores the one vital truth: to be truly successful, the black community has to first help itself."
[16] http://www.themsuspokesman.com/2013/12/21/does-hip-hop-drive-negative-stereotypes-of-black-men/
Rap reinforces the negatives stereotypes that black people
have to face in society to some extent. I think that is link is relevant as it
shows the importance of people’s views and ideology.
Lyrics such as these have caused problems in the past
before:
Some rappers like NWA have used songs like, “F**k the
Police”, to express police brutality. A verse from Rocko’s song, “U.O.E.N.O”
said “Got my killers with me right now” lets their opposition know they are
ready to fight. Sex was the main message from Big Krit in, “What You Mean You
Ain’t Nasty?”
"In the 1970’s hip-hop became a means for blacks, “in the struggle,” to express themselves and tell a story about their lives in order to relate to people like them. But the victory of rap was doused by the crack epidemic. When drug dealers begin to rap, the two “professions” became forever entwined—and black men have been associated with that image ever since."
"Some rappers like NWA have used songs like, “F**k the Police”, to express police brutality. A verse from Rocko’s song, “U.O.E.N.O” said “Got my killers with me right now” lets their opposition know they are ready to fight. Sex was the main message from Big Krit in, “What You Mean You Ain’t Nasty?”
[17] http://rapreinforcesstereotypes.weebly.com/
“Stereotypes of Black people were derived from the White
culture because since slavery, White people always thought they were superior
to Blacks.”
I think that those who are white see themselves as being superior
to black people and that rap is used as a way to talk about their reality and
the things that they have to do to survive. With this being the case when they
rap it seems like they’re reinforcing the negative stereotype but instead
talking about their reality.
"Stereotypes of Black people were derived from the White
culture because since slavery, White people always thought they were superior
to Blacks. The media is the source of and perpetuates the very same stereotypes
African-Americans encounter in real life. Rap music/videos create deceiving
interpretations causing Black people themselves, to believe they should emulate
the behaviour."
[18]
http://atlantablackstar.com/2014/04/15/young-black-men-slam-medias-representation-suit-tie-music-video/
Black males in the media are not represented as being in a
suit and tie especially in rap videos, they are represented as being violent
and thugs which can cause and reinforce the negative stereotypes that people in
society have of black African Americans. I think that with this being the case
people who are against police brutality in America and the rest of the world
and racism as well shouldn’t reinforce the negative stereotype of themselves by
surrounding themselves by drugs and guns.
“The negative stories told daily in the media and in our culture about our young African-American men tend to ignore their successes and don’t tell the full story about how young Black men are becoming leaders within our community schools,” said Gholson who also helped them organize the project.
“The negative stories told daily in the media and in our culture about our young African-American men tend to ignore their successes and don’t tell the full story about how young Black men are becoming leaders within our community schools,” said Gholson who also helped them organize the project.
[19] http://www.ibtimes.com/racism-america-white-people-think-its-worse-white-people-research-finds-2393588
People in America who are white think it is harder being
white than it is black in today’s society. The article suggests when asked if
race relations were generally bad or good, 72 percent of black respondents said
race relations were bad. Sixty-three percent of whites said the same. But the
two groups might have arrived at that answer in entirely different ways.
"When asked about anti-white bias, though, black and white
respondents differed significantly in their views. Black respondents identified
virtually no anti-white bias in any decade. White respondents agreed that
anti-white bias was not a problem in the 1950s, but reported that bias against
whites started climbing in the 1960s and 1970s before rising sharply in the
past 30 years."
[20] http://www.telegraph.co.uk/news/2016/07/08/dallas-shooting-a-democracy-as-racist-as-america-will-never-be-a/
“Whether the black of the negro resides in the reticular
membrane between the skin and scarf-skin, or in the scarf-skin itself; whether
it proceeds from the colour of the blood, the colour of the bile, or from that
of some other secretion, the difference is fixed in nature.”
For black Americans, innocence was lost long ago. Violence
has been the norm for centuries. A study conducted last year found that black
Americans are more than twice as likely to be unarmed than whites when killed
in incidents involving the police. The protest at the centre of Thursday’s
horror was a response to the “death-by-cop” this week of two more black men.
This highlights the innocence that those who are black have
and that aren’t criminals but are stereotyped to thinking they’re criminals and
people think they are. The police in society are the ones who are violent and
killing innocent people but yet they are seen to be keeping the peace in
society.
"One hundred and fifty years after slavery was ended and 50 years since segregation was outlawed, some black citizens still live in fear of their own police – and are still far more likely than whites to grow up in a single-parent household in poverty or to go to jail."
“Whether the black of the negro resides in the reticular membrane between the skin and scarf-skin, or in the scarf-skin itself; whether it proceeds from the colour of the blood, the colour of the bile, or from that of some other secretion, the difference is fixed in nature.”
"The second problem African-Americans face is one of class. There are poor whites – far more of them are on food stamps than African-Americans. But while white incomes have broadly risen, then plateaued, in the past few decades, what’s striking about black incomes in the continuous stagnation and disproportionate levels of unemployment."
"One hundred and fifty years after slavery was ended and 50 years since segregation was outlawed, some black citizens still live in fear of their own police – and are still far more likely than whites to grow up in a single-parent household in poverty or to go to jail."
“Whether the black of the negro resides in the reticular membrane between the skin and scarf-skin, or in the scarf-skin itself; whether it proceeds from the colour of the blood, the colour of the bile, or from that of some other secretion, the difference is fixed in nature.”
"The second problem African-Americans face is one of class. There are poor whites – far more of them are on food stamps than African-Americans. But while white incomes have broadly risen, then plateaued, in the past few decades, what’s striking about black incomes in the continuous stagnation and disproportionate levels of unemployment."
[21]
https://www.theguardian.com/commentisfree/2016/jun/18/white-america-blind-racism-majority-ignore-black-minority-bubble-privilege
“Large part of the problem is the way many black people in
Milwakee grow up, most without a male role model. In many cases black America
are also indifferent to the causes of crime in the poorest neighbourhoods. Racism
is part of the problem, but no means the only problem.”
In my opinion with this being the case people would see rap
as a role model as a replacement for that fatherly figure which is why people
may resort to crime. They find it hard to understand what is real and what is
fantasy which is what is glamorised in the media so people would rather resort
to drugs and violence which is why rap could reinforce the negative stereotypes
that black people face in America. However this can be the case in some cases
it is hard to generalise this to most of the population.
[22] http://edition.cnn.com/2015/11/24/us/race-reality-key-findings/
Overall, 49% of Americans in the poll say racism is a big
problem in the country, up from 28% four years ago. It's also more than the 41%
who said so 20 years ago, shortly after the Million Man March on the nation's
capital.
This highlights that even though there has been political
songs, protests, racism is still a big part in society today for people being
who are black being seen as inferior. There has been no changes apart from
racism getting worse in society.
"Few issues have as fraught a history as race in America. The country's recent history on race includes highs such as the election of the country's first black president and heartbreaking lows such as the shooting deaths of nine people at a black church, allegedly by a white supremacist aiming to start a race war."
"Almost two-thirds of Americans say racial tensions have increased in America in the last 10 years, much higher than the 29% who said so in 2001 and the 47% who felt that way in 1995. On this issue, there is agreement across racial and ethnic groups, with majorities of whites (67%), blacks (65%) and Hispanics (55%) all feeling tensions have grown in the last decade."
"About seven in 10 whites say they live (69%) or socialize with (68%) people who are mostly of the same race as them, and six in 10 employed whites have co-workers who are mostly other white people (60%). Hispanics and blacks are more apt to report more diverse neighborhoods, social circles and workplaces."
"More blacks say they experienced unfair treatment while shopping than in any of the five scenarios tested -- 33% reported an occasion like that. And blacks were least likely to report unfair treatment when seeking health care (12%). About a quarter of blacks say they experienced unfair treatment at work or in a restaurant, bar, theater or other entertainment venue."
"Few issues have as fraught a history as race in America. The country's recent history on race includes highs such as the election of the country's first black president and heartbreaking lows such as the shooting deaths of nine people at a black church, allegedly by a white supremacist aiming to start a race war."
"Almost two-thirds of Americans say racial tensions have increased in America in the last 10 years, much higher than the 29% who said so in 2001 and the 47% who felt that way in 1995. On this issue, there is agreement across racial and ethnic groups, with majorities of whites (67%), blacks (65%) and Hispanics (55%) all feeling tensions have grown in the last decade."
"About seven in 10 whites say they live (69%) or socialize with (68%) people who are mostly of the same race as them, and six in 10 employed whites have co-workers who are mostly other white people (60%). Hispanics and blacks are more apt to report more diverse neighborhoods, social circles and workplaces."
"More blacks say they experienced unfair treatment while shopping than in any of the five scenarios tested -- 33% reported an occasion like that. And blacks were least likely to report unfair treatment when seeking health care (12%). About a quarter of blacks say they experienced unfair treatment at work or in a restaurant, bar, theater or other entertainment venue."
[23] http://raprehab.com/who-benefits-from-rap-stereotypes/
Obviously these stereotypes about black people are not new.
In fact, they’re as American as apple pie and as old as America itself. With
slave labour as the economic foundation upon which this country was built,
negative ideas about black people were created and widely circulated to “justify”
the brutal, inhumane and psychopathic behaviour of racist whites within the
system of slavery.
Rap either reinforces the stereotypes that people have in
society of black people or people take the alternative view and understand the
lyrics to be the reality of people’s lives rather them trying to place a false
view of what it’s like to a rapper by selling drugs and having guns which
reinforce negative stereotypes.
"Obviously these stereotypes about black people are not new. In fact, they’re as American as apple pie and as old as America itself. With slave labour as the economic foundation upon which this country was built, negative ideas about black people were created and widely circulated to “justify” the brutal, inhumane and psychopathic behaviour of racist whites within the system of slavery."
"Apparently, unless white record executives publicly proclaim “WE’RE USING BLACK MUSIC TO CIRCULATE BLACK STEREOTYPES THAT KEEP BLACK PEOPLE SUBJUGATED, DISEMPOWERED AND MENTALLY ENSLAVED IN ORDER TO PROTECT WHITE POWER AND PRIVILEGE,” it’s not really happening."
"Obviously these stereotypes about black people are not new. In fact, they’re as American as apple pie and as old as America itself. With slave labour as the economic foundation upon which this country was built, negative ideas about black people were created and widely circulated to “justify” the brutal, inhumane and psychopathic behaviour of racist whites within the system of slavery."
"Apparently, unless white record executives publicly proclaim “WE’RE USING BLACK MUSIC TO CIRCULATE BLACK STEREOTYPES THAT KEEP BLACK PEOPLE SUBJUGATED, DISEMPOWERED AND MENTALLY ENSLAVED IN ORDER TO PROTECT WHITE POWER AND PRIVILEGE,” it’s not really happening."
[24] http://people.southwestern.edu/~bednarb/su_netWorks/projects/flatley/Stereotypes.html
This is the typical rapper that is seen in most videos which attracts the majority of the rap audience.
‘’It should be noted that the clothing and cash carry
significant meanings on the conational level. As stated above, the camo garb
associates Ace Hood with gang life, which is often correlated to crime, drugs,
and money (cash). Thus, one can argue that these relationships connote that
idea that a life of crime pays. This ultimately reinforces Price's claims
pertaining to thug life and the idea that for many individuals trapped in the
inner city ghettos; a formal education does not provide a solution or a way
out. Instead crime and/or "making it" in the rap game serve as more
plausible/feasible solutions to escape the grasp of poverty.’’
I think that this is usually the case in most rap videos and
because people idolise these rappers they resort to a life of crime because
those are the lyrics that rap music gives off at times and the clothing and
props also help reinforce that negative lifestyle.
BOOKS
BOOKS CITED
D, C., & Jah, Y. (1997). Fight the power: Rap, race, and reality. New York, NY: Delacorte Press.
Dyson, M. E. (1996). Between God and gangsta rap: Bearing witness to black culture. New York: Oxford University Press.
T. (2011). Who's afraid of post-blackness?: What it means to be Black now. New York: Free Press.
Womack, Y. (2010). Post Black: How a new generation is redefining African American identity. Chicago, IL: Lawrence Hill Books.
"Rappers of colour who "make it" are viewed as
tokens within American society. This in turn increases the fame of the artist
on an individual level, while simultaneously serving to further oppress other
members of society who share the same race and/or ethnicity. The neighbourhoods
in which many hip-hop artists grow up are dangerous to say the least."
CNN Is Very Worried About Violence At 'Straight Outta Compton' (n.d.). Retrieved March 09, 2016, from:
CNN Surprised ‘Straight Outta Compton’ Didn’t Cause Violence, Earned Record Money Instead. (2015). Retrieved March 09, 2016, from:
Bradshaw, P. (2015). Straight Outta Compton review – how hip-hop pioneers NWA took on the world. Retrieved March 09, 2016, from:
The One Scene in 'Straight Outta Compton' That Resonates Most in 2015. (2015). Retrieved March 09, 2016, from:
Does Hip-hop Drive Negative Stereotypes of Black Men? | The MSU Spokesman. (2013). Retrieved March 11, 2016, from:
The Impact of Rap and Hip-Hop Music on American Youth. (n.d.). Retrieved March 11, 2016, from:
Brookins, T. (2013). The Socialist's Journal: The Effects of Rap Music | EURweb. Retrieved March 11, 2016, from:
BOOKS
BOOKS CITED
D, C., & Jah, Y. (1997). Fight the power: Rap, race, and reality. New York, NY: Delacorte Press.
Dyson, M. E. (1996). Between God and gangsta rap: Bearing witness to black culture. New York: Oxford University Press.
Dyson, M. E. (2007). Debating race: With Michael Eric Dyson. New York: Basic Civitas Books.
Lee, H. (1960). To Kill A Mockingbird. United States. J. B. Lippincott & Co
Porter, M. (2006). Rap and the eroticizing of black youth. Chicago, IL: African American Images
Rose, T. (1994). Black noise: Rap music and black culture in contemporary America. Hanover, NH: University Press of New England.
Rose, T. (2008). The Hip Hop Wars: What We Talk About When We Talk About Hip Hop--and Why It Matters. Basic Civitas Books.
Wheatley, S. (2010). Don't call me urban: The time of grime. Newcastle upon Tyne: Northumbria University Press.T. (2011). Who's afraid of post-blackness?: What it means to be Black now. New York: Free Press.
Womack, Y. (2010). Post Black: How a new generation is redefining African American identity. Chicago, IL: Lawrence Hill Books.
D, C., & Jah, Y. (1997). Fight the power: Rap, race, and reality. New York, NY: Delacorte
Press.
Page xii – “I’ve felt that this art form is tossed aside as
a ghetto game for black youth and that limited opinion is ignorant”.
Rap has always been an influential art form for the black
community which expresses black voices being muted by the news, peoples
ideologies, stereotypes. It allows us to express our lives and real life
problems in today's society. This has been done in the past before with songs
such as 'f**k the police' by N.W.A. They've been influential in doing things
like this through their songs. It now allows people to talk about their
lifestyle and the choices they made and had to have made in order to get where
they are. These are the things that the news doesn't show or challenging the
stereotypes we have because they are apart of the dominant ideology.
Reflecting Black: African-American Cultural Criticism
(American Culture)
Page 8 - “rap artistry ensures raps existence of the margins
of many black communities”
Rap music isn't just a source for people to watch music
videos and understand the meaning to the lyrics but the values that it holds
allows people to come together and share these values. This is why rap is such
an influential source of art as we all share something that the rap genre has
to offer to its audience. The genre can be seen to have raised people during
their time of need and this is why the lyrics can relate to those who have been
in similar situations because it targets such a wide audience but mainly a
African American target audience as they're more likely to have experienced
certain situations that rap talks about.
Dyson, M. E. (1996). Between
God and gangsta rap: Bearing witness to black culture. New York: Oxford
University Press.
Page 4 - “it’s undeniable that black men are in deplorable
shape. The most tragic symbol of this condition, I suppose, is the black
prisoner”
Black prisoners are going to prison due to the lifestyle
that they’ve had to live. This is due to the way that they’ve been raised where
rap has been influential for them because rappers are seen as someone to aspire
to. However it could also be due to poverty in certain areas in America such as
south central la in the 1980s and 1990s where crime was high. These factors
have then lead to people living these corrupt lifestyles and as a result of
this, crimes are committed and people are then arrested.
Page 5 - “too many black men are jailed for no other reason,
than that they fit the profile of a thug”
There are still stereotypes in society that people have
towards black men and this can be due to their physical appearance from the way
they speak. If they are seen to fit a certain stereotype they’re automatically
a suspect and assumed to be a criminal. Even during society today racism still
exists and with rap talking about gangs and violence whilst dressing up as
‘thugs’ it reinforces this stereotype of looking like a thug due to the lyrics
being said throughout the song or the misinterpretation of lyrics that people
listen to.
Dyson, M. E. (2007). Debating
race: With Michael Eric Dyson. New York: Basic Civitas Books.
Lee, H. (1960). To
Kill A Mockingbird. United States. J. B. Lippincott & Co
The book is about black people in America and the problems
that are faced through racism.
Porter, M. (2006). Rap
and the eroticizing of black youth. Chicago, IL: African American Images
Page xi - “miseducation and racism has given rise to
black poverty, crime, and other destructive behaviour”
People are not being educated when it comes to black people
in society when it comes to their lifestyle and the way that they live. There
are certain situations that they are in which causes them to feel like the only
way for them to survive is to do things which are illegal or go into rap as
they've been raised by the lyrics and similar life experiences that the rappers
have lived. When people are informed about black people and crime it is seen as
it was their fault and doesn't consider the external factors that could've
caused this to happen such as the area they're in, family life and other
factors. Maybe this is the reason rap has such a big impact is because people
look up to it and live their lifestyle according to that.
Page 6 - “negative rap songs and their accompanying videos
often instil erotic sadism in the black male child”
The rap videos that people are viewing will initially
influence them to recreate that exact lifestyle or bring the lyrics to life
such as selling drugs or killing people to gain recognition or the glamour
which is supposedly received when doing so in a rap song or video. This is why
people start to dress like thugs and behave in a particular manner which the
police see to be threatening or stereotypically accurate. This is why they may
go and search those who fit this stereotypical image to prevent anything like
this from happening.
Rose, T. (1994). Black noise: Rap music and black culture in contemporary America. Hanover, NH:
University Press of New England.
Rose, T. (2008). The
Hip Hop Wars: What We Talk About When We Talk About Hip Hop--and Why It
Matters. Basic Civitas Books.
“if the late Tupac Shakur were a newly signed artist today,
I believe he’d likely be considered a socially conscious rapper and thus
relegated to the margins of the commercial hip-hop field”
Wheatley, S. (2010). Don't
call me urban: The time of grime. Newcastle upon Tyne: Northumbria
University Press.
Page 113 - "I don't wanna do time but I'm forced to do
crime."
This quote fits with my question because it shows the
reality of what people have to go through and the way they think they have to
do crime to survive even though it's something they don't want to do. This
conveys the lyrics that are said in rap videos aren't said to promote gang
violence or criminal behaviour at all but the harsh reality that people go
through in order to survive. This supports that rap videos is showing the
reality that rappers and others in urban areas have to go through and not reinforcing
people to go commit crimes. This links to Chuck D's quote from Public Enemy,
"Hip-Hop is the black CNN." The media doesn't want to show the
reality of black Americans or the positives which is why rap was there to
inform black people in America.
T. (2011). Who's
afraid of post-blackness?: What it means to be Black now. New York: Free
Press.
Page 209 - "black people have a complicated
relationship with America. For us it's painful love"
Black people in America have a hard time living there due to
the racism and stereotypes that people conform to. There still seems that black
people haven't got a place in society because people are always judging them
for something that is stereotypical.
Page 210 - "I'm not trying to give up my
blackness"
People who live in America shouldn't need to be white in
order to live a normal life there without being assaulted or judge by the
colour of their skin.
Womack, Y. (2010). Post
Black: How a new generation is redefining African American identity.
Chicago, IL: Lawrence Hill Books.
Page 5 intro - "hip-hop, the voice of the streets"
This is a way for those who are living in urban areas where
no one can express or tell the story of how they survive but those who rap and
come from similar backgrounds. Rap is a way for people to tell their story
which the news doesn't show.
????
Page 33 - "When the idea of "race" becomes
concept, it poses clear and incompatible alternatives."
There is always discrimination between black and white
people. Those who are white seem to have a different ‘race’ for those who are
not of the same skin colour of them. With this being the case everything that
someone who’s black might do could be criticised or an alternative view which
means the complete opposite. This links well as rap is seen to describe the
reality of people living in the ghetto but instead because they’re seen as
another race those who are black are then labelled to be violent and aggressive
due to the colour of their skin which erases them from the same ‘race’.
